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Stress can turn hair gray -- and it's reversible, researchers find
研究人员发现-压力可以导致头发变白-头发变白后还可以发生逆转
Legend has it that Marie Antoinette's hair turned gray overnight just before her beheading in 1791.
根据传说，玛丽皇后（Marie Antoinette）在1971年被砍头前，她的头发在一夜之间由黑变白。
Though the legend is inaccurate -- hair that has already grown out of the follicle does not change color -- a new study from researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons is the first to offer quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people.
尽管传说-已经从毛囊中长出的头发不会再变色-并不准确，由哥伦比亚大学Vagelos内科医师和外科医师学院的研究人员所开展的一项新研究首次提出了将心理压力和头发变白联系在一起的量化证据。
And while it may seem intuitive that stress can accelerate graying, the researchers were surprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eliminated, a finding that contrasts with a recent study in mice that suggested that stressed-induced gray hairs are permanent.
尽管从直觉上判断压力似乎会导致头发加速变白，但是研究人员们惊奇地发现，当压力消除后，头发颜色还可以恢复到从前。这项研究结果与最近针对老鼠的一项研究结果相反。之前的研究表明，由于压力所引起的头发变白是永久性的。
The study, published June 22 in eLife, has broader significance than confirming age-old speculation about the effects of stress on hair color, says the study's senior author Martin Picard, PhD, associate professor of behavioral medicine (in psychiatry and neurology) at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.
研究成果于6月22日在eLife上发表。研究资深作者哥伦比亚大学Vagelos内科医师和外科医师学院的Martin Picard，博士、行为医学（精神病学和神经病学）助教表示，有关压力对头发颜色的影响这一推测由来已久，这项研究比证实这一推测具有更加广阔的意义。
"Understanding the mechanisms that allow 'old' gray hairs to return to their 'young' pigmented states could yield new clues about the malleability of human aging in general and how it is influenced by stress," Picard says.
Picard表示：“了解‘年老’的白发重新变黑的原理可以产生新的线索，这些线索与人类变老总体的延展性以及压力如何对变老产生影响有关。”
"Our data add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that human aging is not a linear, fixed biological process but may, at least in part, be halted or even temporarily reversed."
“我们的数据和不断增加的证据表明，人类变老并非是一个直线式的、固定的生物过程，相反，这一过程至少在某种程度上，可能中止或甚至临时出现逆转。”
Studying hair as an avenue to investigate aging
研究头发是了解衰老的途径
"Just as the rings in a tree trunk hold information about past decades in the life of a tree, our hair contains information about our biological history," Picard says. "When hairs are still under the skin as follicles, they are subject to the influence of stress hormones and other things happening in our mind and body. Once hairs grow out of the scalp, they harden and permanently crystallize these exposures into a stable form."
Picard表示：“正如树干上的年轮代表着一棵大树过去几十年的生命轨迹，我们的头发也包含了有关我们生物发展史方面的信息。当头发还在皮肤内部以毛囊的形式存在时，他们会受到压力荷尔蒙以及我们头脑和身体中其他因素的影响。一旦头发从头皮中长出，头发就会变硬并且会永久性地呈现出稳定的形态。”
Though people have long believed that psychological stress can accelerate gray hair, scientists have debated the connection due to the lack of sensitive methods that can precisely correlate times of stress with hair pigmentation at a single-follicle level.
尽管人们很早以来就认为心理压力会加快头发变白，但是由于缺乏可以精确地将压力次数和某个单个毛囊中的头发变白关联在一起的敏感方法，所以科学家们一直对这一联系有所争论。
Splitting hairs to document hair pigmentation Ayelet Rosenberg, first author on the study and a student in Picard's laboratory, developed a new method for capturing highly detailed images of tiny slices of human hairs to quantify the extent of pigment loss (graying) in each of those slices. Each slice, about 1/20th of a millimeter wide, represents about an hour of hair growth.
为了将头发分开并记录头发颜色的变化，Ayelet Rosenberg，研究的第一作者和Picard实验室的学生，提出一种新的方法。这一方法可以捕获到一小片头发非常细微的图像，以量化每片头发失去颜色（变白）的程度。每片头发大约20分之一毫米宽，代表了大约1个小时的头发生长情况。
"If you use your eyes to look at a hair, it will seem like it's the same color throughout unless there is a major transition," Picard says. "Under a high-resolution scanner, you see small, subtle variations in color, and that's what we're measuring."
如果您用自己的眼睛去观察一根头发，除非这根头发的颜色变化非常明显，一般您会发现这根头发似乎全都是一个颜色。但是，在高分辨率的扫描仪下，您会看到头发的颜色有微小细微的变化，这就是我们正在测量的。
The researchers analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers. The results were compared with each volunteer's stress diary, in which individuals were asked to review their calendars and rate each week's level of stress.
研究人员对14名志愿者的单根头发进行了分析。然后将分析结果与每位志愿者的压力日志进行了对比。在对比过程中，志愿者被邀请回顾他们的日程并对每周的压力程度进行打分。
The investigators immediately noticed that some gray hairs naturally regain their original color, which had never been quantitatively documented, Picard says.
Picard表示，调查人员立刻注意到，有些白发会自然变黑，而这一过程却从未得到量化记录。
When hairs were aligned with stress diaries by Shannon Rausser, second author on the paper and a student in Picard's laboratory, striking associations between stress and hair graying were revealed and, in some cases, a reversal of graying with the lifting of stress.
当Shannon Rausser将头发与压力日志保持一致后，Shannon发现了压力和头发变白之间存在明显的联系并且在某些情况下，白发会随着压力消失而重新变黑。
"There was one individual who went on vacation, and five hairs on that person's head reverted back to dark during the vacation, synchronized in time," Picard says.
Picard表示：“其中一位志愿者在度假，该名志愿者的5根头发在度假期间又变回黑色，在时间上实现了同步。”
Blame the mind-mitochondria connection
思维-线粒体之间的联系是导致头发变白的罪魁祸首
To better understand how stress causes gray hair, the researchers also measured levels of thousands of proteins in the hairs and how protein levels changed over the length of each hair.
为了更好地了解压力是如何导致头发变白的，研究人员也测量了头发中成千上万个蛋白的水平以及蛋白水平是如何随着每根头发的长度而变化的。
Changes in 300 proteins occurred when hair color changed, and the researchers developed a mathematical model that suggests stress-induced changes in mitochondria may explain how stress turns hair gray.
头发颜色发生变化后，300个蛋白也出现了变化。研究人员发明了一种数学模型。通过数学模型可以发现，线粒体中压力所引起的变化可能解释了压力是如何让头发变白的。
"We often hear that the mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but that's not the only role they play," Picard says. "Mitochondria are actually like little antennas inside the cell that respond to a number of different signals, including psychological stress."
Picard表示：“我们经常听说线粒体是细胞的能量站，但是这并非是线粒体唯一的作用。线粒体实际上类似于细胞内的小天线，它们会对各种不同的信号，包括心理压力做出反应。”
The mitochondria connection between stress and hair color differs from that discovered in a recent study of mice, which found that stress-induced graying was caused by an irreversible loss of stem cells in the hair follicle.
压力和头发颜色之间的线粒体连接与最近有关老鼠的研究结果有所不同。在之前的研究中， 研究发现压力所导致的头发变白是由于头发毛囊中干细胞发生不可逆转的损失所引起的。
"Our data show that graying is reversible in people, which implicates a different mechanism," says co-author Ralf Paus, PhD, professor of dermatology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. "Mice have very different hair follicle biology, and this may be an instance where findings in mice don't translate well to people."
“我们的数据表明，头发变白在人类中是可以逆转的，这表明还存在一个不同的机制”，研究的共同作者Ralf Paul，博士、迈阿密米勒医学院皮肤科教授表示。“老鼠的虹毛囊生理与人类完全不同，这也许就是为什么老鼠的研究结果并不会在人身上出现。”
Hair re-pigmentation only possible for some
可能仅有部分人的头发会重新变黑
Reducing stress in your life is a good goal, but it won't necessarily turn your hair to a normal color.
减少生活中的压力是一个不错的目标，但是减少压力并非一定会让头发变回到原来的颜色。
"Based on our mathematical modeling, we think hair needs to reach a threshold before it turns gray," Picard says. "In middle age, when the hair is near that threshold because of biological age and other factors, stress will push it over the threshold and it transitions to gray.
Picard表示：“根据我们的数学模型，我们认为头发在变白之前需要达到某个阈值。在中年时，当头发由于生理年龄和其他因素接近这一阈值时，压力会迫使其突破阈值并开始变白。”
"But we don't think that reducing stress in a 70-year-old who's been gray for years will darken their hair or increasing stress in a 10-year-old will be enough to tip their hair over the gray threshold."
“尽管如此，我们并不认为，一位头发已经白了数年的70岁老者在减少压力后，其头发会变黑，或者一位10岁的儿童在压力增加到足够程度后，其头发会突破变白的阈值。”
来源：CNN , 编辑与整理：上海译锐翻译Susan