Royal wills are never made public. That means what happens to much of the Queen's personal wealth following her death last week will remain a family secret.

王室遗嘱永远都不会对外公布。这意味着女王伊丽莎白二世的个人财富如何分配将成为王室家族里的秘密。

Forbes estimated last year that the late monarch's personal fortune was worth $500 million, made up of her jewels, art collection, investments and two residences, Balmoral Castle in Scotland and Sandringham House in Norfolk. The Queen inherited both properties from her father, King George VI.

《福布斯》去年估计，女王伊丽莎白二世的个人财富达5亿美元。这些财富包括女王的珠宝、艺术收藏品、各种投资和2处住宅（一处是位于苏格兰的巴尔莫勒尔堡，一处是位于诺福克的桑德林汉姆别墅）。女王从自己的父亲，也就是国王乔治六世那里继承了这两处不动产。

"[Royal wills] are hidden, so we have no idea actually what's in them and what that's worth, and that's never ever made public," said Laura Clancy, a lecturer in media at Lancaster University and author of a book on royal finances.

兰卡斯特大学的媒体讲师Laura Clancy（其同时也是一本有关王室财富的书籍的作者）表示：“[王室的遗嘱]都是保密的，因为我们实际上并不清楚这些遗嘱的内容是什么，遗嘱中涉及多少财富，这些是永远都不会公布的。”

But the vast bulk of the Royal family's wealth — totaling at least £18 billion ($21 billion) in land, property and investments — now passes along a well-trodden, centuries-old path to the new monarch, King Charles, and his heir.

但是，王室家族在土地、不动产和投资方面的绝大部分财富-总价值至少180亿英镑（210亿美元）在经过数百年后，现在传给了新的君主-查尔斯国王和他的继承人手中。

The line of succession makes Prince William, now the first in line to the British throne, a much wealthier man.

继承关系使威廉王子，现在是英国王位的第一顺位继承人成为了一个更加富有的人。

The future king inherits the private Duchy of Cornwall estate from his father. The duchy owns a sprawling portfolio of land and property covering almost 140,000 acres, most of it in southwest England.

未来的国王将从自己的父亲那里继承私有的康沃尔公国领地。康沃尔公国领地拥有庞大的土地和不动产，占地将近14万亩，领地的绝大部分都位于英格兰的西南部。

Created in 1337 by King Edward III, the estate is worth around £1 billion ($1.2 billion), according to its accounts for the last financial year.

Revenue from the estate is "used to fund the public, private and charitable activities," of the Duke of Cornwall, its website says. That title is now held by Prince William.

根据其上一财政年度的会计报告，这一由国王爱德华三世于1337年所创建的领地价值大约10亿英镑（12亿美元）。根据康沃尔网站的介绍，康沃尔公爵从领地所获得的收入均用于资助公共、私人和慈善事业。目前，康沃尔公爵这一称号由威廉王子持有。

By far the biggest slice of the family's fortune, the £16.5 billion ($19 billion) Crown Estate, now belongs to King Charles as reigning monarch. But under an arrangement dating back to 1760, the monarch hands over all profits from the estate to the government in return for a slice, called the Sovereign Grant.

迄今为止，皇家财富中占比最大的一部分财富就是价值165亿英镑（190亿美元）的王室产业（Crown Estate）。这部分王室产业目前属于执政君主查尔斯国王。但是，根据可以追溯至1760年的一项约定，君主要将产业的全部收益交给政府以换取一小部分收益，也就是王室津贴。

Crown Estate：王室产业，即英国的公有财产

Sovereign Grant：王室津贴

The estate includes vast swathes of central London property and the seabed around England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It has the status of a corporation and is managed by a chief executive and commissioners — or non-executive directors — appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister.

这项产业包括大片的伦敦中心城区的不动产和英格兰、威尔士以及北爱尔兰周围的海床。这项产业目前采取公司形式并由一位行政长官和数位专员--或者非行政董事来管理。管理人员由首相推荐并由君王任命。

In the last financial year, it generated net profit of almost £313 million ($361 million). From that, the UK Treasury paid the Queen a Sovereign Grant of £86 million ($100 million). That's equivalent to £1.29 ($1.50) per person in the United Kingdom.

在上一个财政年度，这项产业的净利润达到将近3.13亿英镑（3.61亿美元）。从这笔利润中，英国财政部向女王支付王室津贴，也就是8600万英镑（1亿美元）。这相当于每位英国人支付1.29英镑（1.5美元）。

Most of this money is spent on maintaining the Royal family's properties and paying their staff.

这笔津贴中的大部分钱都用来维护王室家族的产业和支付员工工资。

The Sovereign Grant is usually equivalent to 15% of the estate's profits. But, in 2017, the payment was bumped up to 25% for the next decade to help pay for refurbishments to Buckingham Palace.

王室津贴通常为王室产业收益的15%。但是，从2017年开始，这一比例在随后十年间变成了25%，比例增加的原因是为了翻新白金汉宫。

King Charles also inherits the Duchy of Lancaster, a private estate dating back to 1265, which was valued at about £653 million ($764 million) according to its most recent accounts. Income from its investments cover official costs not met by the Sovereign Grant, and helps support other Royal family members.

查尔斯国王还继承了兰开斯特公爵领地（Duchy of Lancaster），这项私人领地可以追溯至1265年。根据最新的财务报表，这一地产价值大约6.53亿英镑（7.64亿美元）。投资所产生的收入用来支付王室津贴无法覆盖的官方费用并为其他王室成员提供资金支持。

Restrictions apply

限制 

Despite the vast sums, the monarch and his heir are restricted in how much they can personally benefit from their fortunes.

尽管财富数额巨大，君主和继承人在个人享用财富方面都受到限制。

The King can only spend the Sovereign Grant on royal duties. And neither he nor his heir are allowed to benefit from the sale of assets in their duchies. Any profit from disposals are reinvested back into the estate, according an explainer published by the Institute for Government's (IfG).

The UK Treasury must also approve all large property transactions, the IfG said.

王室津贴只能用于王室事务。国王和继承人不得从出售领地上的资产中获利。根据政府研究所（IfG）发布的一份解释说明，任何财产出售所产生的收益都需要重新用于领地。IfG表示，所有大型地产交易都必须由英国财政部批准。

Still, unlike the Sovereign Grant generated by the Crown Estate, both duchies are private sources of wealth, meaning their owners are not required to give any details beyond reporting their income, the IFG said.

但是，和王室产业所产生的王室津贴不同，两个领地都属于王室的私有财富，这意味着除了汇报收入外，王室无需提供任何其他细节，IFG表示。

Last year, King Charles, then the Duke of Cornwall, paid himself £21 million ($25 million) from the Duchy of Cornwall estate.

去年，查尔斯国王，当时的康沃尔公爵从康沃尔公爵领地的收入中为自己领取了2100万英镑（2500万美元）。

Neither Prince William nor King Charles are obliged to pay any form of tax on their estates, though both duchies have voluntarily paid income tax since 1993, according to the IfG.

无论是威廉王子，还是查尔斯国王都没有义务为他们的领地支付任何形式的税费，但是，从1993年开始，两个领地都自愿支付收入所得税。

"Of course, voluntary income tax [is] not a fixed rate, and they don't have to declare how much income they're making their tax on. So actually it's just like plucking a figure out of thin air," Clancy said.

“当然，自愿收入所得税并非固定税率，而他们无需申报自己的纳税收入。这实际上就相当于凭空给出一个数字，”Clancy表示。

原文来源：美国有线新闻网

编辑：上海译锐翻译