编者注：

感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日。 初时感恩节没有固定日期，由美国各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日 。1941年，美国国会正式将每年11月第四个星期四定为"感恩节"。感恩节假期一般会从星期四持续到星期天。

The story of the first Thanksgiving has been mythologized in countless media, but concrete facts from the day are limited. Almost all the information historians have about the event comes from a letter written by Plymouth Plantation colonist Edward Winslow in December 1621. He wrote of a harvest feast the Pilgrims shared with the native Wampanoag people over three days in late autumn. The meal would have looked unfamiliar to people who associate Thanksgiving with green bean casserole, marshmallow-topped sweet potatoes, and pumpkin pie: Dishes on the menu included venison and wild fowl.

有关第一个感恩节的故事已经被无数传媒报道所神化。但是，关于第一个感恩节的真实史料却非常少。历史学家所掌握的有关感恩节的所有信息几乎都来自普利茅斯种植园殖民者Edward Winslow在1621年12月所写的一封信。Edward在信中写道，清教徒们在秋天快结束时与当地的万帕诺亚格人（Wampanoag）一同分享了丰收的盛宴，宴会持续了3天之久。对于将感恩节与焗烤青豆、棉花糖烤红薯和南瓜派联系起来的人而言，当时的盛宴看上去会有些陌生：菜谱上的菜包括鹿肉和野禽。

We don’t know every item that was served at that celebration, but we do know that many traditional Thanksgiving dishes were probably (or in some cases, definitely) absent. When you sit down to dinner on the fourth Thursday in November, be thankful for these foods that weren’t a supermarket-trip away in 1621.

我们不清楚当时出现在丰收宴会餐桌上的每一道菜，但是我们可以肯定许多传统的感恩节菜肴很可能（或在某些情况下肯定）没有出现在首次的感恩节上。当您在11月份的第四个周四坐下来享用菜肴时，所感谢的这些食物在1621年时其实并不存在。

GREEN BEAN CASSEROLE

焗烤青豆

Much of the produce associated with Thanksgiving wasn’t present at the Pilgrims’ dinner table. That likely includes green beans, and green bean casserole certainly didn’t make an appearance at the first Thanksgiving dinner. The recipe for green beans baked with cream of mushroom soup and topped with french-fried onions was first developed by Campbell’s employee Dorcas Reilly in 1955 for the backs of soup cans. Compared to many “traditional” Thanksgiving dishes, green bean casserole is fairly modern.

大部分与感恩节有关的农产品其实并没有出现在清教徒的餐桌上。这些没有出现的农产品很可能包括青豆。而焗烤青豆肯定没有出现在首次感恩节的盛宴中。用蘑菇汤奶油焗烤青豆并在上面撒上法式烤洋葱的菜谱由Campbell的员工Dorcas Reilly在1955年首次推出并被印在了蘑菇汤罐头的背面。与许多“传统的”感恩节菜肴相比，焗烤青豆属于非常现代的菜肴。

PUMPKIN PIE

南瓜派

Pumpkin pie wasn’t served for dessert at the first Thanksgiving—nor was any pie, for that matter. The Pilgrims probably didn’t have access to many of the things needed to make pie crust, including butter, flour, and ovens. But that doesn’t mean pumpkin was left out of the meal entirely. The gourd is native to the Americas, and cooks at the first Thanksgiving may have roasted it whole or stewed it in a pot.

南瓜派并没有作为甜点出现在第一个感恩节-其他派也没有。当时的清教徒很可能并没有制作派皮所需要的许多材料，比如黄油、面粉和烤炉。但这并不代表南瓜完全没有出现在餐桌上。南瓜原产于美洲大陆。第一次感恩节的厨师可能会把整个南瓜烘熟或将其在锅里炖煮。

GRAVY

肉汁

No flour also meant no gravy to go with the venison and waterfowl on the table. Though it’s possible the cooks saved drippings from the meat, it wouldn’t have been the traditional, thickened gravy we know today. One sauce that likely appeared on the menu was green sauce, a condiment that was made by cooking down produce like squash, onions, and spinach into a thick goop. Turkey gravy has never sounded so appealing.

没有面粉也意味着没有肉汁来搭配餐桌上的鹿肉和水禽。尽管厨师可能会把肉上面的汁水保留下来，但这不是我们今天所熟知的传统增稠肉汁。当时可能出现在菜单上的一种酱汁是绿酱，这是一种将农产品，比如南瓜、洋葱和菠菜烹饪成浓汤后所形成的调料。火鸡肉汁听上去从未如此诱人。

Condiment：调味料

CRANBERRY SAUCE

蔓越莓酱

Another ingredient missing from the Pilgrims’ pantries was sugar. Without it, they wouldn’t have been able to cook down the cranberries that grew in Massachusetts into a sweet sauce. The Wampanoag people were known to harvest the berries from local cranberries bogs and dry them to use in dishes all winter. There weren’t any cranberry bogs in the immediate area of the Plymouth Plantation, however, so the first Thanksgiving may have lacked the fruit—in sauce form or otherwise.

另一个无法在清教徒食品储藏室中找到的成分就是糖。没有糖，清教徒肯定无法把生长在马塞诸塞州的蔓越莓制作成甜甜的酱。据说，万帕诺亚格人在当地的蔓越莓沼泽地中收获了这种浆果并将它们晒干并将其用在冬天的各种菜肴中。普利茅斯种植园的附近并没有任何蔓越莓沼泽地，因此在第一个感恩节中，蔓越莓也许并不存在-无论是酱汁形式还是其他形式。

MASHED POTATOES

土豆泥

Potatoes are native to South America, and they had yet to land in New England at the time of the first Thanksgiving in 1621. That’s probably for the best, because what good are mashed potatoes if you can’t make them into a gravy volcano?

土豆原产于南美洲。在1621年第一个感恩节时，土豆还没有进入新英格兰。这可能也是最佳的安排。因为如果土豆无法被做成肉汁，那么土豆泥还有什么用呢？

APPLE PIE

苹果派

Without pie crust, apple pie also would have been missing from the inaugural Thanksgiving dinner. The main ingredient was absent as well. Apples still hadn’t made the trip to New England from Europe, but that would soon change. By the mid-1600s, cider was the colonists’ drink of choice.

在没有派皮的情况下，苹果派也就没有出现在首次的感恩节大餐中。当时也缺乏最主要的原料。苹果还没有从欧洲来到英格兰，但这一形势很快就有所改变。到了1600年代中期，苹果汁是殖民者最喜欢的饮品。

WHEAT ROLLS

面包卷

The Pilgrims had no wheat flour for baking traditional bread rolls in 1621. Instead, the first Thanksgiving featured corn bread from Wampanoag cuisine.

在1621年，清教徒并没有面粉来烘烤传统的面包卷。取而代之的是，第一次感恩节的特色面包卷是Wampanoag菜肴中的玉米面包。

MACARONI AND CHEESE

通心粉和奶酪

This southern Thanksgiving staple wasn’t served when the Puritans and the Wampanoags sat down for dinner in 1621. In addition to the lack of ingredients for making pasta, macaroni and cheese wasn’t eaten in America at this time. Thomas Jefferson is credited with popularizing the dish in the U.S. in the 19th century after first trying it in France.

这些具有南方特色的感恩节主食并没有出现在1621年清教徒和万帕诺亚格人的感恩节餐桌上。除了缺乏制作面条所需要的材料外，当时的美洲还没有吃过通心粉和奶酪。托马斯•杰斐逊在法国首次尝试通心粉和奶酪后，使其在美国也流行了起来。

TURKEY

火鸡

That’s right—the food that’s become synonymous with Thanksgiving probably wasn’t served at the original feast; the birds weren’t common game animals at that time. We do know that the dinner guests did indulge in some type of wild fowl: Duck, geese, swans, and carrier pigeons are all more likely possibilities than turkey.

没错，代表感恩节的这道菜当时很可能并没有出现在第一次的感恩节盛宴上；当时，火鸡还不是常见的猎获物。有一点我们可能肯定的是，盛宴的来客肯定享用了某些野生禽类：鸭、鹅、天鹅和信鸽都比火鸡更有可能出现在首次感恩节的餐桌上。

SWEET POTATO CASSEROLE

焗红薯

Sweet potatoes had yet to arrive in New England via the Caribbean in 1621. Mini marshmallows also weren’t available on the Plymouth Plantation.

1621年，红薯还没有通过加勒比来到新英格兰。迷你棉花糖也没有出现在普利茅斯的种植园。

BREAD STUFFING

面包馅料

Modern stuffing—or dressing—is made from a mixture of cubed bread, spices, veggies, and occasionally meat. The mixture that stuffed the fowl cooked for the first Thanksgiving wouldn’t have included bread. Onions and nuts were the main ingredients of the breadless stuffing the Pilgrims enjoyed.

现代的馅料-或填料是用小面包块、各类香料、蔬菜和肉（偶尔使用）做成的。这种会在第一次感恩节时被塞入禽类的馅料中还没有面包。洋葱和坚果是当时清教徒所享用的馅料的主要成分。

来源：Mental Floss    编辑&翻译：译锐翻译Sarah