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语法探究-英式英语与美式英语的区别
发布时间:2022-08-08 作者:yirui 点击:617

你知道British English和American English之间的区别吗?

请看看下面的句子,你能够指出哪些句子是典型的英式英语或美式英语吗?

Shall I open the door for you?

He's taking a shower.

France have won the World Cup.

I'm not hungry. I just ate.

British English和American English之间最大的区别在于发音。有些词除了发音之外,在其他各个方面也有所区别。在语法方面,这些词在美式英语和英式英语中间也会有细微的差异。以下是英式英语和美式英语之间5个比较常见的区别。

  1. 现在完成时和一般过去时(Present perfect 和past simple)

在英式英语中,当谈论过去发生的,但是又和现在有关联的事情时,人们通常会使用现在完成时。

现在完成时在美式英语中的使用方法也一样,但是人们在谈论已经完成的行为时,往往会使用一般过去时。这一情况在搭配副词already、just和yet时,十分常见。

英式英语美式英语
He isn't hungry. He has already had lunch.
- Have you done your homework yet?
- Yes, I've just finished it.
He isn't hungry. He already had lunch.
- Did you do your homework yet?
- Yes, I just finished it.

2. Got和gotten

在英式英语中,动词get的过去分词形式是got。

在美式英语中,人们会说gotten

**注意,当谈论拥有或需要做某事时,英式英语和美式英语都会使用have got。在这种使用情境下,have gotten是错误的。

英式英语美式英语
You could have got hurt!
He's got very thin.
She has got serious about her career.

BUT:
Have you got any money?
We've got to go now.
You could have gotten hurt!
He's gotten very thin.
She has gotten serious about her career.

BUT:
Have you got any money? (NOT Have you gotten ...)
We've got to go now. (NOT We've gotten to ...)

3. 集体名词后面的动词形式

在英式英语中,集体名词后面的动词即可以表示单数形式,也可以表示复数形式。当我们将群体看做一个个由人组成的群体时,我们就会使用复数动词,但我们认为这个群体是一个整体时,我们就会使用单数动词。

而在美式英语中,集体名词后面往往使用单数动词。

**注意,police后面往往使用复数动词。

英式英语美式英语
My family is/are visiting from Pakistan.
My team is/are winning the match.
The crew is/are on the way to the airport.

BUT:
The police are investigating the crime.
My family is visiting from Pakistan.
My team is winning the match.
The crew is on the way to the airport.

BUT:
The police are investigating the crime.

4. have和take

在英式英语中,动词havetake通常会搭配bath、shower、wash等名词以表示冲洗,表示休息时,则会搭配break、holiday、rest等名词。

在美式英语中,能够这样使用的动词只有take。

英式英语美式英语
I'm going to have/take a shower.
Let's have/take a break.
I'm going to take a shower.
Let's take a break.

5. shall

在英式英语中,当主动提出做某事时,人们通常会使用Shall I...? 如果建议做某事时,则会使用Shall we...?表示

那么,美式英语则很少会使用shall。当表示同样的含义时,美式英语通常会使用Should/Can I...? 或者Do you want/Would you like...? 或者How about...?

英式英语美式英语
It's hot in here. Shall I open the window?
Shall we meet in the café at 5?
Shall we try that again?
It's hot in here. Can I open the window?
Do you want to meet in the café at 5?
How about we try that again?


原文来源:British Council

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